During my career piping design developed from hand draughting to 2D computer aided design to 3D computer modelling but always seemed to take longer than planned
It repeatedly was late and therefore impacted the management and cost of the construction works
Mitigating measures such as obtaining vendor data early, float in programmes and ensuring sufficient checking resources rarely seemed to work
I came to the conclusion that piping design (and to an extent piping fabrication and construction) is such a specialised and shrinking discipline, in the overall UK engineering market, that these constraints should be expected and must always have a place on the project risk register
A key issue seems to be the lack of Designers stepping up to become leaders to check and verify the design
